Your guide to better masks in the age of Omicron | CNN (2024)

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The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has changed its mask guidelines to recommend that people “wear the most protective mask you can that fits well and that you will wear consistently.” The agency describes well-fitting respirators approved by the National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) – such as N95 masks – as offering “the highest level of protection.”

The updated guidelines come after many public health experts have been recommending for months that people wear more effective masks – particularly N95s – and that the CDC change its guidelines on mask-wearing.

“Cloth masks are little more than facial decorations. There’s no place for them in light of Omicron,” CNN medical analyst Dr. Leana Wen, an emergency physician and visiting professor of health policy and management at the George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, recently said on “CNN Newsroom.”

Your guide to better masks in the age of Omicron | CNN (1)

3M Performance Particulate Respirator 8210Plus N95s are arranged for a photograph in New York state on July 29, 2020.

In crowded places, “you should be wearing a KN95 or N95 mask,” which can cost a few dollars each, Wen added. Due to certain materials – such as polypropylene fibers – acting as both mechanical and electrostatic barriers, these masks better prevent tiny particles from getting into your nose or mouth and must be fitted to your face to function properly.

Here’s what you need to know about masks like N95s, where to get them and how to use them safely.

Why are experts recommending N95s now?

N95s are more widely available now than they were earlier in the pandemic, and public health experts in the US also have a better understanding that the primary driver of coronavirus infection is shared air, Erin Bromage, an associate professor of biology at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, told CNN last month.

Cloth masks – encouraged earlier in the pandemic – can filter large droplets, while more effective masks, such as N95s, can filter both large droplets and the smaller aerosols or particles potentially laden with airborne virus if infected people are present, Bromage said.

A cloth face covering has 75% inward and outward leakage, which the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists defines as the “percentage of particles entering the facepiece” and the “percentage of particles exhaled by a source exiting the facepiece,” respectively.

Properly fitted N95 respirators approved by NIOSH can filter up to 95% of particles in the air.

Why the Omicron variant of coronavirus has been infecting many people so quickly is currently unknown, but it emphasizes the importance of wearing high-quality masks, Bromage said.

“If it is less virus needed, or if it is a person who’s infected is putting more virus out, then the role of a mask in this is, if we can cut down the amount that you’re actually breathing in, you get more time” before potentially getting infected, he added.

What’s the difference between N95s and KN95s?

The difference between N95 and KN95 masks is where each is certified, according to Oklahoma’s state health department. The US tests, certifies and regulates the N95s public health experts have been recommending; in contrast, manufacturers in China test KN95s, but the country’s government doesn’t have a regulatory body that’s validating them, said Aaron Collins, a professor emeritus at Mercer University’s School of Engineering and a mechanical engineer with a background in aerosol science.

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Roughly 60% of KN95 respirators NIOSH evaluated during the pandemic in 2020 and 2021 didn’t meet the requirements they were intended to meet, according to the CDC.

“If they’re made to the standard and certified by the appropriate boards in their country like NIOSH here, they all do basically the same thing,” Bromage said. They “may meet the standards, but they’re not certified to meet it. And there’s others that clearly don’t.”

KF94 masks are Korean-standard masks tested and regulated by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, said Kelly Carothers, the director of government affairs and sustainability at Project N95, the national clearinghouse working to provide equitable access to personal protective equipment and coronavirus tests.

The CDC has advised people to not wear international respirators with exhalation valves, vents or other openings, as such openings can emit unfiltered exhaled air into surrounding areas – which would be problematic if you’re infected and breathing out virus particles that could infect others, Wen told CNN this month.

The level of potential virus escape is low, though, she added. N95s with exhalation valves work as well as cloth or surgical masks do in protecting others. An N95 with a valve isn’t recommended above N95s without valves, but if the former is the only mask you can wear, do that, Wen suggested.

How can I spot a fake N95, KN95 or KF94?

NIOSH has a list of approved N95 respirators. These masks should have a cup, flat fold or duck bill shape; two straps that go around your head; an adjustable wire nose bridge; and appropriate markings indicating NIOSH approval, the CDC says.

The agency also has resources for identifying counterfeit N95 masks, the signs of which include a total absence of markings on the mask or NIOSH spelled incorrectly. The resources also cover properly putting the N95 on, taking it off and performing a respirator seal check.

The CDC has a list of signs a KN95 respirator might be counterfeit, which include manufacturer claims that the KN95 mask has been approved or certified by the CDC or NIOSH.

“If you’re going to look for a KN95 mask, what we would recommend is to make sure that it has the (Chinese government) standard written on the side of the mask, similar to NIOSH” standards for US N95s, Carothers said.

Those Chinese government standards on KN95s should say GB 2626-2019 or GB 2626-2006, which was the standard before GB 2626-2019, Carothers advised.

The Korean ministry has an online database of approved KF94 manufacturers, but the webpage is in Korean and might not be totally and accurately translated by your internet browser’s translation plugin. There are, however, some tips in English on these graphics for checking marks when buying KF94 masks, including packaging that features the words “Quasi-Drug Product” and “KF94.”

Can children wear N95s, KN95s or KF94s?

The N95s are medical masks made for health care workers, so, naturally, there aren’t N95 masks designed or made for children, since only adults would be working in health care settings.

Larger children within the elementary to middle school age range and older could, however, potentially wear N95s that come in small sizes intended for adults, Linsey Marr, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Virginia Tech, told CNN this month.

“If you see an N95 as marketed for children, that should raise a red flag,” Marr said. “There will be KN95 and KF94s that are designed for and marketed for children. With those, it’s the same issue as we discussed for adults, which is to make sure you’re getting them from a trusted, reputable source.

Your guide to better masks in the age of Omicron | CNN (3)

Pictured is a KN95 mask for children in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York state, on January 13.

“… Certainly, for children, a KN95 or KF94 will provide better protection on average than a surgical mask or cloth mask,” Marr added.

If you have trouble fitting a KN95, KF94 or N95 to your child’s face regardless of how many brands you have tried, you can tie the ear loops or use toggles or cord lock adjusters to ensure the mask fits tightly enough, Marr suggested. The CDC’s knot and tuck method could also work.

Where can I get N95s, KN95s or KF94s?

Specially labeled “surgical” N95s “should be reserved for use by healthcare personnel,” the CDC says, but other N95s can be found at some home improvement stores, retailers and drugstores.

N95 masks made by 3M – a leading global manufacturer of N95 masks and the largest producer of the masks in the US – are available at all major retailers, including Home Depot, Target, Lowes, Menards and Amazon’s 3M store, 3M spokeswoman Jennifer Ehrlich told CNN this month.

Amazon has said it prohibits sellers from claiming their KN95 masks are “FDA-approved,” since the US Food and Drug Administration doesn’t approve KN95 masks.

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“If you’re going to go to Amazon, just make sure you’re buying from the (N95) manufacturer’s direct store, like their official store” on Amazon, Collins said.

For both children and adults, Project N95 is a reputable source from which you can get N95s, KN95s and KF94s, Marr said.

As consumer demand for these masks have increased, there have been reports of price gouging online. Some public health departments, such as those for Maryland and Milwaukee, are offering free N95 masks.

Is reusing N95s safe?

In medical settings, health care staff frequently change masks to avoid cross-contaminating a patient’s room with equipment that was worn in a different space with an infectious person, Bromage explained. “When you take a medical-grade thing that’s single use and then put it in the general public, we’re not worried about you cross-contaminating different environments. … It’s really about providing protection to you.”

So, yes, you can reuse your N95 mask.

Even after wearing an N95 in a crowded indoor setting – such as a subway or grocery store – an N95’s material and filtration ability aren’t “going to degrade unless you physically rub it or poke holes in it,” said Marr, adding that she wears her N95 masks for a week. “You’d have to be in really polluted air … for several days before it lost its ability to filter out particles.”

However, there are things to keep in mind to reuse an N95 safely: When putting it on, avoid touching the front outer part of the mask; instead handle it by its edges or straps.

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    Also, if you learn you were near someone infected with coronavirus while you were wearing an N95, you should throw out that mask so you don’t risk contact with the virus, Bromage advised. Unknowingly being exposed to infected people while wearing an N95 is possible, so distancing as much as possible can help reduce risk.

    If the mask becomes damp, visibly dirty, bent, creased, difficult to breathe through or otherwise damaged – including from makeup – you should replace it to avoid wearing a less effective mask, Marr and Bromage said.

    Can I somehow clean N95s?

    You shouldn’t wash an N95, since water would dissipate the mask’s special static charge that helps it filter out viruses so well, Marr said.

    What you can do is set the mask aside, because particles will die off within several hours, she added, and that will occur even faster when you place it in sunlight.

    But the fact that warmer temperatures can have a “sanitizing” effect on N95s doesn’t mean you should throw the masks in an oven or microwave, Bromage said. That could ruin the mask. “I used to stick mine on the dashboard of my car in summer, and that would do more than enough.”

    This story has been updated with additional information about N95s with exhalation valves.

    CNN’s Katherine Dillinger and John Bonifield contributed to this story.

    Your guide to better masks in the age of Omicron | CNN (2024)

    FAQs

    Which is better, KN95 or N95 face masks? ›

    Only N95 masks are approved for healthcare use in the U.S. KN95 masks have many of the same protective properties. CDC recommends that people be cautious about purchasing KN95 in the U.S. because many are fake and do not meet NIOSH requirements.

    What are the best face masks to wear? ›

    Choose one that's high quality and says “NIOSH-Approved” on the label. Respirator masks, or “respirators,” like the N95 give the highest level of protection against the coronavirus, according to the CDC. Cloth masks are washable and reusable.

    How many times can you wear a N95 mask? ›

    N95 filtering facepiece respirators can be reused until they are dirty, damaged, or difficult to breathe through. You should inspect your N95 respirator before each time you put it on. If the straps or noseclip are broken, it's torn, dirty, or otherwise damaged, then you should dispose of it.

    When should N95 masks be changed? ›

    Replace the N95 respirator when the straps are stretched out and it no longer fits snugly against your face or when it becomes wet, dirty, or damaged. Throw it in the trash.

    Can I reuse an N95 mask? ›

    Learn more at Coronavirus.UFHealth.org

    Note: If following this rotation, N95 masks may be reused as long as they do not become wet, visibly soiled or deformed, causing them to not fit well anymore. If any of these occur, the N95 should be disposed of.

    What's the difference between a N95 and NIOSH N95? ›

    You may see some respirators on the market labeled as “N95,” but if a respirator does not contain all of the components of the required label, it is not a NIOSH-approved respirator and, therefore, cannot be relied on to provide the same level of respiratory protection.

    What is the best mask for COVID 2024? ›

    • N95 masks are your best bet. The federal National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health regulates N95s to meet a certain standard of quality. ...
    • KN95 and KF94 masks are also effective, and likely comfier. ...
    • Surgical-style masks (three-ply) are the next best thing you can wear. ...
    • Cloth masks are not as effective.
    Apr 30, 2024

    What mask should you wear on a plane? ›

    The CDC recommends people wear a high-quality mask like an N95 when in crowded or tight spaces, like on the airport jetway to board a plane, or if travelers are passing through a destination with high levels of respiratory illnesses.

    Which company's face mask is best? ›

    Masks Top Brands
    • L'Oreal Paris,
    • Nykaa Naturals,
    • Biotique,
    • Kama Ayurveda,
    • Innisfree,
    • The Body Shop,
    • Lotus Herbals,
    • Colorbar.

    How do I disinfect my N95 mask? ›

    The downside to this method is that you need four masks per wearer, and that's assuming you use only a single mask each day. Submerging an N95 in 125C/260F degree steam or boiling water for 3 minutes will disinfect the mask without significantly reducing its filtration efficiency (FE).

    Can I sleep with an N95 mask on? ›

    Conclusion: We conclude that sleeping in the chemical protective mask should only be done when necessary, given the adverse effects on sleep and daytime function, as well as the variability of protection, of the mask.

    When should I discard my N95 mask? ›

    N95 masks may be used until damaged, breathing becomes difficult or they become contaminated with blood or bodily fluids. Key points for reuse/extended use include: l Minimize unnecessary contact with the respirator surface. l Strictly adhere to hand hygiene practices.

    How long is a disposable N95 mask good for? ›

    Pierre, MD, MPH, an infectious disease physician and medical director of public health programs at Boston Medical Center, told Health that it's possible to use the same respirator for up to a week. For people in high-risk settings, like healthcare facilities, it's best to toss the mask after a day.

    Can you use expired N95 masks? ›

    Nevertheless, despite passing a specified date, the material may remain effective for its intended purpose. With regard to N-95 respirators, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has issued guidance that expired respirators may be used and considered effective.

    How often should you be fit tested for an N95? ›

    How often do I need to complete a fit test? You should be fit tested at least annually to ensure your respirator continues to fit you properly.

    Which N95 mask does the CDC recommend? ›

    CDC recommends that specially labeled “surgical” N95 respirators — a special subtype of N95 respirators that provide additional protection against hazards present during medical procedures, such as blood splatter — should be prioritized for use by healthcare personnel.

    Which are the differences between a face mask FFP2 KN95 and N95? ›

    Here is the specific certified filtration capacity for each of the three types of filtering face masks: FFP2 face masks: 94% filtration capacity. N95 face masks: 95% filtration capacity. KN95 face masks: 95% filtration capacity.

    How long can you wear a KN95 mask? ›

    Pierre, MD, MPH, an infectious disease physician and medical director of public health programs at Boston Medical Center, told Health that it's possible to use the same respirator for up to a week. For people in high-risk settings, like healthcare facilities, it's best to toss the mask after a day.

    Do KN95 masks protect against mold? ›

    An N95 mask protects you from breathing in small particles in the air such as dust and mold. It is designed to filter out at least 95% of the dust and mold in the air.

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